Краткая история. Монголы - Джордж Лейн

Введение

1. О значении этого титула см.: Peter Jackson. World-conquest and local accommodation: Threat and blandishment in Mongol diplomacy // History and Historiography of Post-Mongol Central Asia and the Middle East: Studies in Honor of John E. Woods. Judith Pfeiffer and Sholeh A. Quinn (eds). Weisbaden: Harrassowitz, 2006. P. 4.

2. Rashid al-Din. Jāma’ al-tavārīkh. Mohammad Roushan and Mustafa Musavi (eds). Tehran: Nashr Elborz, 1373/1994; Rashiduddin Fazlullah. Jami‘u’t-Tawarikh: Compendium of Chronicles (Tome 1). Wheeler M. Thackston (tr.) // Classical Writings of the Mediaeval Islamic World: Persian Histories of the Mongol Dynasties. Vol. 3. London: I.B. Tauris, 2012 [одинаковая пагинация с персидским изданием 1994 г.]. P. 386. Здесь и далее будут указываться только страницы издания 1994 г., так как они используются в издании 2012 года от I.B. Tauris.

3. Qutb al-Din Shirazi. The Mongols in Iran: Qutb Al-Din Shirazi’s Akhbar-iMoghulan. George Lane (tr.). London: Routledge, 2018; о Балджуне см.: Francis W. Cleaves. The historicity of the Baljuna covenant // Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 18/3–4 (December 1955). P. 357–421.

4. ‘Ala al-Din ‘Ata Malik Juwayni. Genghis Khan: The History of the World-Conqueror. John Andrew Boyle (tr. and ed.). Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997. P. 107; Tārīkh-i-Jahān Gushā. Mizra Muhammad Qazvini (ed.). Vol. 3. Leiden: Brill, 1958. P. 84. URL: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0010/001086/ 108630Eb.pdf

5. Цит. по: Nicola di Cosmo. Climate Change and the Rise of an Empire // Institute for Advanced Study Letter. Princeton: East Asian Studies, 2014. URL: https://www.ias.edu/ideas/2014/dicosmo-mongol-climate

6. См. также: Rashid al-Din. Jāma’ al-tavārīkh. Mohammad Roushan and Mustafa Musavi (eds). Tehran: Nashr Elborz, 1373/1994. P. 230.

Глава 1

1. Вассаф Аль-Хазрат цит. по: Bertold Spuler. History of the Mongols: Based on Eastern and Western Accounts of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. Helga and Stuart Drummond (tr.). New York: Dorset Press, 1968. P. 117.

2. Zhao Gong. A Complete Record of the Mong Tatars (неопубликованный перевод на англ. яз. Кристофера Атвуда при помощи Линн Струве, 2010).

3. См.: Christopher Atwood. Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File, 2004. P. 390, 529.

4. The Secret History of the Mongols: A Mongolian Epic of the Thirteenth Century. Igor de Rachewiltz (tr.). Leiden: Brill, 2006. Vol. 1. P. 170 [245]; эта интерпретация ныне оспаривается.

5. Ibid. Vol. 1. P. 133 [202].

6. Owen Lattimore. Inner Asian Frontiers: Defensive empires and conquest empires // Owen Lattimore (ed.). Studies in Frontier History: Collected Papers 1928–1958. London: Oxford University Press, 1962. P. 501–513.

7. De Rachewiltz. Secret History. Vol. 1. P. 133 [202], 170 [245].

8. О роли женщин в Империи см.: Bruno de Nicola. The Khātūns: A History of Women in the Mongol Empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2017; George Lane. Daily Life in the Mongol Empire. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2006. P. 227–256.

9. George Lane. Soghaghtani Beki // The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women. Natana J. DeLong-Bas (ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. URL: http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t355/e0360

10. George Lane. Qutlugh Terkan Khatun // The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women. Natana J. DeLong-Bas (ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. URL: http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t355/e0031

11. Общий обзор см.: Richard C. Foltz. Religions of the Silk Road: Overland Trade and Cultural Exchange from Antiquity to the Fifteenth Century. New York: St Martin’s Press, 1999; см. также классическую работу: Devin DeWeese. Islamization and Native Religion in the Golden Horde: Baba Tükles and Conversion to Islam in Historical and Epic Tradition. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1994.

12. David Morgan. The Mongols. 2nd ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2007. P. 40.

13. Edward Gibbon. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. London: Methuen, 1905–1906. Vol. 7. P. 4; цит. по: Morgan. The Mongols. P. 37.

14. George Lane. Intellectual Jousting and the Chinggisid Wisdom Bazaar // The Mongols and Post-Mongol Asia: Studies in Honour of David O. Morgan. Peter Jackson and Timothy May (eds). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 26/1–2 (2016). P. 235–247.

15. Peter Jackson (tr. and ed.) and David Morgan. The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck: His Journey to the Court of the Great Khan Mongke, 1253–1255. London: Haylayut Publications, 1990.

16. Charles Melville. Padshah-i Islam: the conversion of Sultan Mahmud Ghazan Khan // Pembroke Papers 1 (1990). P. 159–177.

Глава 2

1. Igor de Rachewiltz (tr.). The Secret History of the Mongols: A Mongolian Epic of the Thirteenth Century. Leiden: Brill, 2006. Vol. 1. P. xxv.

2. Литература по этому противоречивому вопросу все растет, начать знакомство с нею можно со статьи: Igor de Rachewiltz. Some remarks on the dating of the Secret History of the Mongols // Monumenta Serica 24/1 (1965). P. 185–206.

3. См. также: Urgunge Onon (tr.). Chinggis Khan: The Golden History of the Mongols. London: Folio Society, 1993. P. 14, 15.

4. Ibid. P. 14

5. См.: de Rachewiltz. Secret History. Vol. 1. P. 348 [78].

6. Из «Юань ши» («История Юань»), цит. по: Paul Ratchnevsky. Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy. Thomas N. Haining (tr.). Oxford: Blackwell, 1991. P. 24.

7. См. также: Urgunge Onon (tr.). Chinggis Khan: The Golden History of the Mongols. London: Folio Society, 1993. P. 33.

8. Ibid. P. 28, 29.

9. Ratchnevsky. P. 71.

10. См.: de Rachewiltz. Secret History. Vol. 2. P. 655–658.

11. Ratchnevsky. P. 148.

12. Onon. P. 80.

13. См.: de Rachewiltz. Secret History. Vol. 2. P. 748–757 [201].

14. Onon. P. 129; de Rachewiltz. Secret History. Vol. 1. P. 170 [245].